cryptorchidism
Pronunciation: krip-TOR-ki-dizm
Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the expected age.
Full Definition
A congenital condition characterized by incomplete descent of one or both testes from their intra-abdominal position during fetal development to their final scrotal location. Cryptorchidism affects approximately 3% of full-term male newborns and up to 30% of premature infants, with most cases resolving spontaneously by 6 months of age. Undescended testes may be located anywhere along the normal path of descent, from the retroperitoneum to the external inguinal ring. The condition can be unilateral or bilateral and may be associated with other genitourinary anomalies. Complications include increased risk of testicular malignancy, infertility, testicular torsion, and psychological impact. Treatment typically involves orchiopexy (surgical repositioning) performed between 6-18 months of age to optimize testicular function and facilitate cancer surveillance.
Usage
Usage note: Specify location of undescended testis (inguinal, abdominal, etc.) and whether unilateral or bilateral.
In Context
- "Physical examination revealed bilateral cryptorchidism with no palpable testes in the scrotum or inguinal canals." — Newborn assessment
- "Cryptorchidism correction should be completed before age 2 years to minimize long-term complications." — Surgical consultation note