PCOS
Also written as: PCOS — Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endocrine disorder in adolescent girls characterized by irregular periods, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology.
Full Definition
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder affecting adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. In adolescents, diagnosis can be challenging due to normal menstrual irregularity and physiologic changes during pubertal transition. Clinical manifestations include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, alopecia, obesity, and insulin resistance. PCOS is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis typically requires at least two of three criteria: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Treatment is symptom-directed and may include hormonal contraceptives for menstrual regulation, antiandrogens for hirsutism, and metformin for insulin resistance.
Usage
Usage note: Specify diagnostic criteria used, as these may vary between adolescent and adult populations.
In Context
- "The 16-year-old patient's presentation of irregular menses, hirsutism, and elevated androgens is consistent with PCOS." — Adolescent gynecology consultation
- "PCOS diagnosis in adolescents requires careful consideration of normal pubertal physiology and alternative diagnoses." — Clinical review article