celiac disease
Pronunciation: SEE-lee-ak
Autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, causing small intestine damage and malabsorption in genetically susceptible children.
Full Definition
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine's villi in genetically predisposed individuals. In children, the condition can present with classic symptoms including chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, failure to thrive, and behavioral changes, or may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis involves serologic testing for specific antibodies (anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-endomysial) and confirmation through small bowel biopsy showing villous atrophy. Treatment requires strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet, which allows intestinal healing and symptom resolution.
Usage
Usage note: Note spelling 'celiac' in American English vs 'coeliac' in British English. Maintain consistency within documents.
In Context
- "The child's positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and subsequent duodenal biopsy confirmed celiac disease." — Laboratory and pathology report