tumor lysis syndrome
A potentially fatal complication of cancer treatment characterized by massive release of cellular contents into circulation.
Full Definition
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that occurs when large numbers of malignant cells are rapidly destroyed, either spontaneously or following cytotoxic therapy. The massive cellular breakdown releases intracellular contents including purines, phosphate, and potassium into the circulation. This leads to hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and secondary hypocalcemia. In pediatric hematology-oncology, TLS is most commonly associated with high-burden lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, and other rapidly proliferating malignancies. Clinical manifestations include renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Prevention involves aggressive hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase, and careful monitoring of electrolytes during treatment initiation.
Usage
Usage note: Can be abbreviated as TLS; emphasize the emergency nature when editing clinical content.
In Context
- "The patient developed tumor lysis syndrome within 24 hours of starting chemotherapy." — intensive care note
- "Rasburicase was administered prophylactically to prevent tumor lysis syndrome." — treatment plan