engraftment syndrome
Inflammatory complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation characterized by fever, rash, and organ dysfunction during neutrophil recovery.
Full Definition
Engraftment syndrome is an acute inflammatory condition that occurs during neutrophil recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, typically within the first few weeks post-transplant. The syndrome is characterized by high fever, erythematous skin rash, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hepatic dysfunction, and renal impairment occurring in the setting of neutrophil engraftment. It results from the inflammatory response of recovering neutrophils and is thought to involve cytokine release and endothelial injury. Recognition is important as it can mimic other post-transplant complications such as graft-versus-host disease or infection, and typically responds to corticosteroid therapy.
Usage
Usage note: Occurs specifically during neutrophil recovery phase; distinguished from GVHD by timing and response to steroids.
In Context
- "The patient developed fever, rash, and respiratory distress consistent with engraftment syndrome on day 14 post-transplant." — Transplant consultation
- "Corticosteroid therapy was initiated for suspected engraftment syndrome based on the clinical presentation and timing." — Treatment note