LAD
Also written as: LAD — leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Primary immunodeficiency affecting neutrophil adhesion and migration to sites of infection, causing recurrent bacterial infections.
Full Definition
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) encompasses a group of rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by defects in leukocyte adhesion molecules, preventing neutrophils from migrating effectively to sites of infection. LAD-1 involves CD18 deficiency affecting β2 integrins, LAD-2 involves fucose metabolism defects, and LAD-3 involves kindlin-3 deficiency. Patients present with recurrent, severe bacterial infections without pus formation, delayed wound healing, and characteristic laboratory findings of persistent neutrophilia despite ongoing infections. The absence of pus at infection sites is a hallmark feature due to impaired neutrophil migration.
Usage
Usage note: Subdivided into LAD-1, LAD-2, and LAD-3 based on molecular defect; characteristic absence of pus.
In Context
- "The patient's recurrent infections without pus formation and delayed umbilical cord separation raised suspicion for LAD." — Clinical note
- "Flow cytometry revealed absent CD18 expression on neutrophils, confirming LAD-1 diagnosis." — Immunology report