pneumatocele
Pronunciation: new-MAT-oh-seel
Thin-walled, air-filled cyst within lung parenchyma, often seen as complication of pneumonia in immunocompromised children.
Full Definition
A pneumatocele is a thin-walled, air-filled cavity that develops within lung parenchyma, most commonly as a complication of pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Pneumocystis jirovecii. In pediatric immunology, pneumatoceles are particularly significant as they frequently occur in immunocompromised patients and may be a presenting feature of certain primary immunodeficiencies such as hyper-IgE syndrome. These lesions typically appear as round, air-filled spaces on chest imaging and may be single or multiple. While often transient, large pneumatoceles can cause respiratory compromise and may require surgical intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguished from pneumothorax by location within lung parenchyma rather than pleural space.
In Context
- "Chest CT revealed multiple pneumatoceles following the patient's staphylococcal pneumonia." — Radiology report
- "The development of pneumatoceles in this immunocompromised child raised concern for underlying primary immunodeficiency." — Clinical consultation