congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Also written as: CDH — congenital diaphragmatic hernia
A birth defect where abdominal organs herniate through an abnormal opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing respiratory compromise.
Full Definition
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a serious birth defect characterized by abnormal development of the diaphragm, resulting in a defect that allows abdominal organs to herniate into the thoracic cavity. The most common type is the posterolateral (Bochdalek) hernia, typically occurring on the left side. CDH affects approximately 1 in 3,000-4,000 births and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension. The herniated abdominal contents compress the developing lungs, leading to reduced lung volume and abnormal pulmonary vascular development. Prenatal diagnosis is often possible through ultrasound, allowing for specialized delivery planning and immediate postnatal management including respiratory support, delayed surgical repair, and treatment of associated complications.
Usage
Usage note: Specify location (left/right, posterolateral/anterior) and associated anomalies when present.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound detected left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with liver and bowel in the thoracic cavity." — Maternal-fetal medicine consultation
- "The newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia required immediate intubation and ECMO support for severe pulmonary hypertension." — NICU admission note