epiglottitis
Pronunciation: ep-ih-glot-EYE-tis
A potentially life-threatening infection causing swelling of the epiglottis, which can rapidly obstruct the airway.
Full Definition
Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation of the epiglottis, the flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing. Once predominantly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), the incidence has dramatically decreased since the introduction of the Hib vaccine. When it does occur, it can progress rapidly to complete airway obstruction and is considered a medical emergency. Unlike croup, epiglottitis typically presents with high fever, severe sore throat, drooling, and a muffled voice, but without the characteristic barking cough. Children may assume a tripod position to optimize airway patency. The diagnosis should be suspected clinically, and direct visualization of the throat should be avoided to prevent precipitating complete airway obstruction.
Usage
Usage note: Medical emergency requiring immediate airway assessment; avoid throat examination.
In Context
- "The child's sudden onset of fever, drooling, and muffled voice raised immediate concern for epiglottitis." — Emergency medicine consultation
- "Since Hib vaccination became routine, epiglottitis has become increasingly rare in pediatric populations." — Infectious disease review article