hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Pronunciation: hahy-per-TROF-ik pahy-LOR-ik sti-NOH-sis
Also written as: IHPS — infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Condition where the muscle around the pylorus thickens, causing gastric outlet obstruction in infants.
Full Definition
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants, typically presenting between 2-8 weeks of age. The pyloric muscle becomes hypertrophied and hyperplastic, creating a functional obstruction at the gastroduodenal junction. Classic presentation includes projectile non-bilious vomiting, visible gastric peristalsis, and a palpable pyloric mass ('olive'). Prolonged vomiting leads to hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Ultrasound is the preferred diagnostic imaging, and treatment is surgical with pyloromyotomy. This condition is more common in firstborn males.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from 'pyloric stenosis' which was mentioned as existing - this is the full medical term.
In Context
- "The infant's projectile vomiting and palpable pyloric olive suggested hypertrophic pyloric stenosis." — Emergency department evaluation
- "Ultrasound confirmed pyloric muscle thickness of 5mm consistent with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis." — Radiology report