kawasaki disease
A systemic vasculitis affecting young children, characterized by prolonged fever and specific clinical criteria, with potential cardiac complications.
Full Definition
Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects children under 5 years of age, causing inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including fever lasting at least 5 days plus four of five additional features: rash, conjunctival injection, oral mucosal changes, extremity changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy. The most serious complication is coronary artery aneurysms, which can develop in up to 25% of untreated patients. Early recognition and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin significantly reduce the risk of cardiac complications. The disease shows a higher incidence in children of Asian descent.
Usage
Usage note: Capitalize 'Kawasaki' as it's named after the physician who described it.
In Context
- "The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was confirmed after the patient met four of the five clinical criteria." — Pediatric consultation note
- "Echocardiographic follow-up is essential in Kawasaki disease to monitor for coronary artery abnormalities." — Cardiology report