kernicterus
Pronunciation: KUR-nik-ter-uhs
Severe brain damage caused by very high levels of bilirubin in newborns, affecting the basal ganglia.
Full Definition
Kernicterus is a form of bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) representing severe, irreversible brain damage from extreme hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Unconjugated bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier and deposits in the basal ganglia, particularly the globus pallidus, causing neuronal damage. Early signs include lethargy, poor feeding, and high-pitched crying, progressing to opisthotonus, seizures, and coma. Chronic sequelae include choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, sensorineural hearing loss, dental enamel dysplasia, and upward gaze palsy. Prevention through monitoring bilirubin levels and early intervention is crucial.
Usage
Usage note: Represents the chronic, irreversible form of bilirubin brain injury, distinct from acute bilirubin encephalopathy.
In Context
- "The infant's extreme jaundice and neurological symptoms raised concern for kernicterus development." — Neonatal intensive care documentation
- "Early recognition and treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia prevents progression to kernicterus." — Clinical practice guideline