myelomeningocele
Pronunciation: mahy-uh-loh-muh-NING-guh-seel
Most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through an opening in the spine.
Full Definition
Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of neural tube defect and open spina bifida, where both the spinal cord and meninges herniate through a vertebral defect, typically in the lumbar or sacral region. This results in varying degrees of lower extremity paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting in most cases. Associated complications include Arnold-Chiari malformation type II, neurogenic bladder, and orthopedic deformities. Prenatal diagnosis is possible through maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening and ultrasound. Fetal surgery may be offered in select cases, though postnatal closure remains the standard treatment.
Usage
Usage note: Distinct from meningocele which was listed as existing - this involves spinal cord herniation, not just meninges.
In Context
- "The newborn's lumbar myelomeningocele required immediate neurosurgical closure and shunt evaluation." — Neurosurgical consultation
- "Prenatal counseling for myelomeningocele includes discussion of fetal surgical options and expected outcomes." — Maternal-fetal medicine consultation