necrotizing enterocolitis
Also written as: NEC — necrotizing enterocolitis
A serious intestinal condition primarily affecting premature infants, characterized by inflammation and tissue death in the bowel wall.
Full Definition
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency that predominantly affects premature infants, with incidence inversely related to birth weight and gestational age. The condition involves inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa, potentially progressing to full-thickness bowel wall necrosis and perforation. NEC typically presents within the first few weeks of life with feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, and bloody stools. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving intestinal immaturity, abnormal microbial colonization, and feeding practices. Severe cases may require surgical intervention and can lead to significant long-term complications including short gut syndrome.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as NEC in neonatal intensive care documentation.
In Context
- "The 30-week preterm infant developed necrotizing enterocolitis with pneumatosis intestinalis on abdominal radiography." — NICU progress note
- "Surgical consultation was obtained for necrotizing enterocolitis with evidence of intestinal perforation." — Pediatric surgery consultation