pyloric stenosis
Pronunciation: /paɪˈlɔːrɪk stəˈnoʊsɪs/
A condition in infants where the muscle around the pylorus thickens, causing gastric outlet obstruction and projectile vomiting.
Full Definition
Pyloric stenosis, more precisely termed hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is a condition affecting infants typically between 2-8 weeks of age, characterized by progressive thickening and hyperplasia of the pyloric muscle. This results in gastric outlet obstruction, leading to the classic presentation of non-bilious projectile vomiting, dehydration, and failure to thrive. The condition is more common in males, first-born children, and those with a positive family history. Physical examination may reveal a palpable pyloric mass (olive) and visible gastric peristalsis. Laboratory findings typically show hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric secretions. Treatment is surgical pyloromyotomy after correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Usage
Usage note: Full term 'hypertrophic pyloric stenosis' preferred in formal documentation; distinguish from pyloric atresia.
In Context
- "The six-week-old infant presented with projectile vomiting and ultrasound confirmed pyloric stenosis with muscle thickness of 5mm." — Pediatric emergency medicine note
- "Preoperative management of pyloric stenosis focused on correcting the hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis before pyloromyotomy." — Pediatric surgery consultation