tracheoesophageal fistula
Pronunciation: TRAY-kee-oh-ih-sof-uh-JEE-al FIS-chuh-luh
Also written as: TEF — tracheoesophageal fistula
Abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus, often associated with esophageal atresia.
Full Definition
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital anomaly involving an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus. It most commonly occurs in association with esophageal atresia as part of the VACTERL association, though isolated H-type TEF can occur without esophageal atresia. The condition leads to aspiration of saliva and gastric contents into the respiratory tract, causing recurrent pneumonia, choking episodes, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis may require contrast studies or bronchoscopy, and surgical repair is necessary to prevent ongoing pulmonary complications. The Gross classification system categorizes the various anatomical types.
Usage
Usage note: Often occurs with esophageal atresia but can exist as isolated H-type TEF - specify the type when known.
In Context
- "The infant's recurrent pneumonia and choking episodes suggested an isolated tracheoesophageal fistula." — Pediatric surgery consultation
- "Contrast esophagography revealed an H-type tracheoesophageal fistula without associated atresia." — Radiological investigation report