horseshoe kidney
Congenital fusion of the lower poles of both kidneys, creating a horseshoe-shaped organ.
Full Definition
Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 400 births. The condition results from fusion of the lower kidney poles during fetal development, preventing normal renal ascent and rotation. The kidneys remain in a lower position and are connected by an isthmus of functioning renal tissue or fibrous band. Most children with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic, but the anomaly can predispose to urinary tract infections, stones, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Associated conditions may include Turner syndrome, trisomy 18, and various other congenital anomalies requiring comprehensive evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Describe associated complications such as UPJ obstruction or VUR when present.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound detected a horseshoe kidney requiring postnatal urological evaluation." — obstetric report
- "The child with horseshoe kidney developed recurrent UTIs due to associated VUR." — progress note