hydronephrosis
Pronunciation: hi-droh-neh-FROH-sis
Dilation of the kidney's collecting system due to impaired urine outflow or vesicoureteral reflux.
Full Definition
Hydronephrosis refers to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, which can result from urinary obstruction at any level or from vesicoureteral reflux. In pediatric patients, hydronephrosis is often detected prenatally on routine ultrasound and may be associated with various conditions including ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, or vesicoureteral reflux. The degree of hydronephrosis is typically graded using standardized systems, and management depends on the underlying cause, severity, and associated symptoms. Mild hydronephrosis may resolve spontaneously, while severe cases may require surgical intervention to preserve renal function.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the grading system used (e.g., SFU grading) and whether bilateral or unilateral.
In Context
- "Severe hydronephrosis was detected on prenatal ultrasound, prompting postnatal urological referral." — maternal-fetal medicine report
- "The child's hydronephrosis improved significantly following successful pyeloplasty." — follow-up imaging report