hypercalciuria
Pronunciation: /haɪpərˌkælsɪˈʊriə/
Excessive calcium excretion in urine that can lead to kidney stone formation and nephrocalcinosis in children.
Full Definition
Hypercalciuria is defined as urinary calcium excretion exceeding normal limits, typically >4 mg/kg/day in children or a calcium-to-creatinine ratio >0.2 mg/mg in spot urine samples. This condition can be idiopathic (most common in children) or secondary to various causes including hypercalcemia, excessive calcium intake, medications, or genetic disorders. Hypercalciuria predisposes pediatric patients to kidney stone formation, nephrocalcinosis, and potentially chronic kidney disease. Management includes dietary modification (moderate calcium restriction, increased fluid intake), thiazide diuretics, and treatment of underlying causes. Monitoring includes periodic urine calcium measurements and renal imaging.
Usage
Usage note: Ensure correct spelling with 'i' after 'calc'; commonly misspelled as 'hypercalcinuria'.
In Context
- "The 12-year-old presented with recurrent kidney stones and was found to have idiopathic hypercalciuria." — Pediatric nephrology consultation note
- "Thiazide therapy was initiated to reduce hypercalciuria and prevent future stone formation." — Treatment plan documentation