minimal change disease
The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, characterized by normal glomerular appearance on light microscopy but podocyte foot process effacement on electron microscopy.
Full Definition
Minimal change disease accounts for 80-85% of nephrotic syndrome cases in children aged 2-8 years. The condition is characterized by selective proteinuria with normal kidney function and absence of hematuria or hypertension. Kidney biopsy shows normal glomeruli on light microscopy and immunofluorescence, but electron microscopy reveals diffuse podocyte foot process effacement. The disease typically responds dramatically to corticosteroid therapy, with 90% of children achieving remission within 4-6 weeks. Frequent relapses may occur, requiring long-term immunosuppressive management in steroid-dependent cases.
Usage
Usage note: Emphasize the excellent prognosis and steroid responsiveness when documenting MCD in pediatric patients.
In Context
- "Kidney biopsy confirmed minimal change disease as the underlying cause of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome." — Pathology report
- "Children with minimal change disease typically achieve complete remission with prednisolone therapy within 8 weeks." — Treatment guideline