nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Also written as: NDI — Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Inherited or acquired condition where kidneys cannot respond to antidiuretic hormone, causing excessive water loss.
Full Definition
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a disorder of water balance where the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine despite adequate levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In children, this results in polyuria, polydipsia, and risk of severe dehydration. The condition can be congenital (X-linked or autosomal recessive mutations affecting vasopressin receptors or aquaporin-2 channels) or acquired due to medications, electrolyte disorders, or kidney disease. Management focuses on ensuring adequate fluid intake, dietary sodium restriction, and medications such as thiazide diuretics, amiloride, or indomethacin. Infants are particularly vulnerable to hypernatremic dehydration and developmental delays if not properly managed.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as NDI; must be distinguished from central (neurogenic) diabetes insipidus.
In Context
- "Genetic testing confirmed X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in this 6-month-old boy with failure to thrive." — Pediatric endocrinology consultation
- "The infant's nephrogenic diabetes insipidus required careful monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes." — Neonatal intensive care unit progress note