functional hemispherectomy
Pronunciation: FUNK-shun-al HEM-ih-sfeer-EK-tuh-mee
Surgical procedure that disconnects one brain hemisphere while leaving most tissue in place.
Full Definition
Functional hemispherectomy is a specialized neurosurgical technique that achieves the seizure control benefits of anatomical hemispherectomy while minimizing complications by disconnecting rather than removing brain tissue. The procedure involves sectioning the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and other interhemispheric connections while disconnecting the affected hemisphere from the brainstem. This approach is used primarily in children with catastrophic epilepsy confined to one hemisphere, such as Rasmussen encephalitis, large malformations of cortical development, or extensive perinatal strokes. The technique reduces complications like hydrocephalus and superficial cerebral hemosiderosis compared to anatomical hemispherectomy.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from anatomical hemispherectomy and specify surgical technique used (peri-insular, trans-sylvian, or endoscopic).
In Context
- "Functional hemispherectomy achieved seizure freedom while preserving language function in the contralateral hemisphere." — Surgical outcome report
- "The patient underwent functional hemispherectomy for medically refractory seizures secondary to Rasmussen encephalitis." — Operative summary