extramedullary disease
Cancer involvement in tissues or organs outside the bone marrow.
Full Definition
Extramedullary disease refers to the presence of malignant cells in locations outside the bone marrow, commonly occurring in acute leukemias and lymphomas. In pediatric oncology, common sites include the central nervous system, testes, ovaries, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. The presence of extramedullary disease often indicates more aggressive disease and may require modified treatment approaches, including site-directed therapy such as radiation. Some extramedullary sites, particularly the CNS and testes, are considered sanctuary sites that require specific prophylactic or therapeutic interventions due to poor systemic chemotherapy penetration.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the anatomical sites involved when documenting extramedullary disease.
In Context
- "Imaging studies revealed extramedullary disease in multiple lymph node regions." — Staging assessment
- "The treatment protocol includes radiation therapy for extramedullary disease sites." — Treatment planning notes