congenital torticollis
Pronunciation: tor-ti-KOL-is
Neck muscle contracture present at birth causing head tilt and rotational restriction, often involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Full Definition
Congenital torticollis, also known as congenital muscular torticollis, is a condition characterized by shortening or contracture of neck muscles, most commonly the sternocleidomastoid, resulting in characteristic head positioning with lateral flexion toward the affected side and rotation away from it. The condition may be associated with intrauterine positioning, birth trauma, or fibromatosis colli. Early recognition and physical therapy intervention are crucial to prevent secondary complications such as plagiocephaly, facial asymmetry, and cervical spine abnormalities. Severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatment may require surgical release of the affected muscle.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from acquired torticollis; specify muscle involvement when identified.
In Context
- "The newborn demonstrated congenital torticollis with a palpable sternocleidomastoid mass and characteristic head positioning." — Neonatal assessment
- "Physical therapy for congenital torticollis included stretching exercises and positioning strategies to prevent plagiocephaly." — Treatment plan