hip dysplasia
A spectrum of developmental abnormalities affecting the hip joint, ranging from mild acetabular underdevelopment to complete dislocation, most commonly diagnosed in infancy.
Full Definition
Hip dysplasia encompasses a spectrum of developmental abnormalities of the hip joint, characterized by inadequate formation or relationship between the femoral head and acetabulum. The condition ranges from mild acetabular dysplasia with shallow socket development to complete hip dislocation. Risk factors include female gender, breech presentation, family history, and certain cultural practices involving swaddling. Early detection through physical examination (Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers) and imaging studies is crucial for optimal outcomes. Treatment varies by age at diagnosis and severity, ranging from observation and positioning devices like the Pavlik harness in infants to surgical interventions including closed or open reduction with possible osteotomies in older children. Untreated hip dysplasia can lead to early arthritis and significant functional disability.
Usage
Usage note: Specify severity and laterality; distinguish from isolated acetabular dysplasia.
In Context
- "Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hip dysplasia with alpha angles of 52 degrees." — Radiology report
- "The infant's hip dysplasia showed improvement after 6 weeks in the Pavlik harness." — Follow-up visit note