osteomyelitis
Pronunciation: os-tee-oh-my-eh-LY-tis
Infection of bone tissue, particularly concerning in pediatric patients due to potential growth plate involvement and the risk of chronic complications.
Full Definition
Osteomyelitis refers to infection and inflammation of bone tissue, which in pediatric patients presents unique challenges due to the proximity of infection to growth plates and the potential for long-term complications. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common form in children, typically affecting the metaphysis of long bones where blood flow is sluggish. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, and in unvaccinated populations, Haemophilus influenzae. The condition can lead to serious complications including septic arthritis (when infection spreads across the physis in infants), growth disturbances, pathological fractures, and chronic osteomyelitis. Early recognition and aggressive antibiotic treatment are crucial for preventing long-term sequelae. Surgical intervention may be necessary for drainage, debridement, or treatment of complications such as abscess formation or sequestrum development.
Usage
Usage note: Specify acute vs chronic, location, and causative organism when known; emphasize growth plate proximity in pediatric cases.
In Context
- "MRI findings were consistent with acute osteomyelitis of the distal femoral metaphysis." — Radiology report
- "The patient required surgical drainage for osteomyelitis complicated by subperiosteal abscess formation." — Operative report