hypoxemia
Pronunciation: hahy-pok-SEE-mee-uh
Abnormally low partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, indicating impaired pulmonary gas exchange.
Full Definition
Hypoxemia is defined as an abnormally low partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), typically less than 80 mmHg in room air at sea level. In pediatric patients, hypoxemia can result from various pulmonary and cardiac conditions including pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, congenital heart disease, and respiratory distress syndrome. The condition may present clinically as cyanosis, tachypnea, restlessness, or altered mental status. Pulse oximetry provides a non-invasive estimate through oxygen saturation (SpO2), though arterial blood gas analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Age-specific normal values must be considered, as newborns may have slightly lower baseline oxygen levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause while providing supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from hypoxia, which refers to tissue oxygen deprivation.
In Context
- "Arterial blood gas analysis confirmed severe hypoxemia with a PaO2 of 55 mmHg." — Pediatric intensive care unit assessment
- "The infant's hypoxemia responded well to high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy." — Respiratory therapy evaluation