surfactant deficiency
A condition in premature infants where insufficient lung surfactant leads to respiratory distress syndrome.
Full Definition
Surfactant deficiency occurs primarily in premature infants born before 34-36 weeks gestation, when fetal lung maturity is insufficient to produce adequate amounts of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration. Deficiency leads to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), characterized by poor lung compliance, atelectasis, and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Treatment involves exogenous surfactant replacement therapy, which has dramatically improved outcomes for premature infants with RDS.
Usage
Usage note: Often used interchangeably with respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
In Context
- "The 28-week preterm infant developed respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency." — Neonatal progress note
- "Surfactant replacement therapy was administered within the first hour of life." — Treatment record