ventilator-associated pneumonia
Healthcare-associated pneumonia developing in mechanically ventilated patients more than 48 hours after intubation.
Full Definition
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of healthcare-associated pneumonia that occurs in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for at least 48 hours. In pediatric populations, VAP represents a significant complication of mechanical ventilation with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The condition results from bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract, often facilitated by the endotracheal tube bypassing normal upper airway defenses. Common pathogens include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Prevention strategies include elevation of the head of bed, oral care protocols, and ventilator weaning protocols. Diagnosis can be challenging in children due to limitations in obtaining reliable sputum samples.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as VAP; hyphenate when used as adjective.
In Context
- "The mechanically ventilated infant developed ventilator-associated pneumonia on day five of intubation." — Pediatric intensive care unit progress note
- "Implementation of VAP prevention bundles significantly reduced ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in our NICU." — Quality improvement report