choanal atresia
Pronunciation: ko-AH-nal a-TREE-zhuh
Congenital blockage of the posterior nasal passages, which can cause severe respiratory distress in newborns who are obligate nasal breathers.
Full Definition
A congenital anomaly involving complete or partial obstruction of the posterior nasal apertures (choanae) by bone, soft tissue, or both, preventing normal nasal breathing. Since newborns are obligate nasal breathers, bilateral choanal atresia presents as a life-threatening emergency with severe respiratory distress and cyanosis that improves with crying. Unilateral cases may present later with unilateral nasal discharge and breathing difficulties. CT imaging is the diagnostic modality of choice, clearly demonstrating the obstructing tissue and helping distinguish bony from membranous atresia. This information is crucial for surgical planning, as the repair approach differs depending on the type of obstruction.
Usage
Usage note: Bilateral cases are emergencies in newborns; unilateral cases may present later with unilateral symptoms.
In Context
- "High-resolution CT confirmed bilateral choanal atresia with mixed bony and soft tissue components causing complete posterior nasal obstruction." — Neonatal head and neck imaging
- "The newborn's respiratory distress and inability to feed were explained by bilateral choanal atresia requiring emergent surgical repair." — Emergency neonatal imaging