craniopharyngioma
Pronunciation: KRAY-nee-oh-fair-in-jee-OH-mah
A benign but locally aggressive tumor arising from remnants of Rathke's pouch in the sellar and suprasellar regions.
Full Definition
Craniopharyngioma is the most common non-neoplastic tumor of the sellar region in children, arising from embryonic remnants of Rathke's pouch along the craniopharyngeal duct. Despite being histologically benign, these tumors are locally aggressive and can cause significant morbidity through mass effect on surrounding structures including the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. Two histological subtypes exist: adamantinomatous (more common in children) and papillary (typically in adults). Imaging characteristics include calcification, cystic components, and enhancement of solid portions. The tumor frequently causes visual field defects, endocrine dysfunction, and increased intracranial pressure. Surgical resection is challenging due to the eloquent surrounding anatomy.
Usage
Usage note: One word, not hyphenated. Specify adamantinomatous vs papillary type when histology is available.
In Context
- "The calcified suprasellar mass with cystic components is characteristic of craniopharyngioma." — Pediatric neuroradiology report
- "Visual field testing is essential before craniopharyngioma resection due to optic chiasm proximity." — Preoperative planning