jejunal atresia
Pronunciation: /dʒəˈdʒuːnəl əˈtriːziə/
A congenital absence or discontinuity of a portion of the jejunum, causing intestinal obstruction in newborns.
Full Definition
Jejunal atresia is a congenital anomaly characterized by complete absence or discontinuity of a segment of the jejunum, resulting in proximal small bowel obstruction. Unlike duodenal atresia, which is associated with chromosomal abnormalities, jejunal atresia is thought to result from in utero vascular accidents affecting the superior mesenteric artery distribution. The condition presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal distention, and failure to pass meconium in newborns. Radiographic findings include multiple dilated small bowel loops with air-fluid levels, absence of distal bowel gas, and sometimes the 'triple bubble' sign when occurring in the proximal jejunum. Pediatric radiologists must distinguish between different levels of small bowel obstruction and assess for associated complications such as perforation or volvulus. Surgical treatment involves resection of the atretic segment with end-to-end anastomosis.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the level of atresia (proximal vs distal jejunum) when possible for surgical planning.
In Context
- "Multiple dilated small bowel loops suggested jejunal atresia in this newborn with bilious vomiting." — Neonatal abdominal radiograph interpretation
- "Contrast study confirmed jejunal atresia with complete obstruction at the mid-jejunum." — Pre-operative imaging evaluation