Chylothorax
Pronunciation: KY-lo-thor-aks
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the pleural space, often complicating thoracic surgical procedures in children.
Full Definition
Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle, a milky lymphatic fluid rich in triglycerides, within the pleural space. In pediatric surgery, it most commonly occurs as a complication of thoracic procedures, particularly those involving the mediastinum or thoracic duct. Congenital chylothorax may also present in neonates due to lymphatic malformations or birth trauma. The fluid has characteristic high triglyceride levels (>110 mg/dL) and lymphocyte predominance. Management includes chest tube drainage, dietary modification with medium-chain triglycerides, and in persistent cases, thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis. Conservative management is often successful in pediatric patients.
In Context
- "Post-operative chylothorax developed following thoracotomy for esophageal atresia repair." — Post-operative note
- "The milky appearance and elevated triglycerides confirmed the diagnosis of chylothorax." — Laboratory report interpretation