Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Pronunciation: EK-moe
Also written as: ECMO — Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Mechanical circulatory and respiratory support system providing temporary life support for critically ill patients with cardiopulmonary failure.
Full Definition
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced life support technique that provides temporary mechanical circulatory and respiratory support for patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. The system works by removing blood from the patient's circulation, oxygenating it through an external membrane oxygenator, removing carbon dioxide, and returning the blood to the patient. In pediatric surgery, ECMO is commonly used for conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severe respiratory failure, cardiac failure, or as a bridge to transplantation. The technique can be configured for veno-venous (respiratory support) or veno-arterial (cardiac and respiratory support) modes, with cannulation typically performed via central vessels.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the ECMO configuration (veno-venous or veno-arterial) and cannulation sites in documentation.
In Context
- "The neonate was placed on veno-arterial ECMO due to severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure." — ICU progress note
- "ECMO weaning trials began once pulmonary compliance improved and oxygenation requirements decreased." — Critical care assessment