Pneumatosis Intestinalis
Pronunciation: new-mah-TOH-sis in-tes-tin-AL-iss
Radiographic finding of gas within intestinal wall, often indicating necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.
Full Definition
Pneumatosis intestinalis refers to the presence of gas within the intestinal wall, appearing as curvilinear or bubbly lucencies on abdominal radiographs. In the pediatric population, particularly in premature infants, this finding is pathognomonic for necrotizing enterocolitis and represents bacterial fermentation within the bowel wall. The gas may be located in the subserosal or submucosal layers and can progress to portal venous gas if severe. While pneumatosis can occur in older children and adults from various benign causes, its presence in neonates is considered a surgical emergency requiring immediate evaluation and potential operative intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Pathognomonic for NEC in neonates; may be benign in older children and adults.
In Context
- "Plain abdominal radiograph revealed pneumatosis intestinalis in the right lower quadrant." — radiology report
- "The presence of pneumatosis intestinalis prompted urgent surgical consultation for suspected NEC." — emergency department note