Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Compression of neurovascular structures between the clavicle and first rib, occasionally seen in athletic adolescents requiring surgical decompression.
Full Definition
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome involves compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein as they pass through the thoracic outlet between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles, first rib, and clavicle. In pediatric patients, it most commonly presents in athletic adolescents involved in overhead activities. The condition can be neurogenic (most common), arterial, or venous. Symptoms include arm pain, numbness, and weakness, particularly with overhead activities. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and provocative tests, with imaging to rule out structural abnormalities. Surgical treatment involves first rib resection or scalenectomy when conservative management fails.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (neurogenic, arterial, or venous) when documenting; TOS is acceptable abbreviation.
In Context
- "The teenage swimmer developed thoracic outlet syndrome from repetitive overhead training." — Sports medicine consultation
- "First rib resection remains the gold standard for refractory thoracic outlet syndrome in adolescents." — Surgical technique paper