choanal stenosis
Narrowing of the posterior nasal passages where the nose connects to the throat, causing breathing difficulties in newborns who are obligate nasal breathers.
Full Definition
Choanal stenosis refers to a congenital narrowing of one or both posterior nasal passages (choanae) where the nasal cavity connects to the nasopharynx. This condition differs from complete choanal atresia in that some airway patency remains, though significantly reduced. Because newborns are obligate nasal breathers for the first few months of life, even partial obstruction can cause significant respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive. The stenosis may be bony, membranous, or mixed in composition. Diagnosis is confirmed through nasal endoscopy and CT imaging. Bilateral stenosis typically requires immediate surgical intervention to ensure adequate ventilation, while unilateral cases may be managed conservatively with close monitoring. Surgical correction involves endoscopic resection of obstructive tissue and may require stenting to prevent restenosis.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from complete choanal atresia. Bilateral cases are more urgent than unilateral presentations.
In Context
- "The infant's persistent respiratory distress and feeding difficulties prompted investigation that revealed bilateral choanal stenosis." — ENT consultation note
- "Endoscopic repair of choanal stenosis with postoperative stenting successfully restored nasal airway patency." — Otolaryngology operative report