hypoglycemia of infancy
Abnormally low blood glucose levels in newborns and infants, requiring prompt recognition and treatment to prevent neurologic damage.
Full Definition
Hypoglycemia of infancy refers to blood glucose levels below normal ranges for age, typically less than 40-45 mg/dL in the first 24 hours of life and less than 50 mg/dL thereafter. It can occur in healthy newborns but is more common in infants of diabetic mothers, small for gestational age infants, and preterm infants. Symptoms may include jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia, apnea, or seizures, though many affected infants are asymptomatic. Persistent or severe hypoglycemia can cause permanent neurologic damage. Treatment involves prompt glucose administration, either enterally or intravenously, and investigation for underlying causes such as hyperinsulinism, metabolic disorders, or endocrine abnormalities. Prevention strategies include early and frequent feeding in at-risk infants.
Usage
Usage note: Specify age-appropriate glucose thresholds. Note British spelling uses 'hypoglycaemia'.
In Context
- "The infant of a diabetic mother developed hypoglycemia of infancy at 2 hours of age, requiring intravenous glucose." — Nursery progress note