meconium aspiration syndrome
Pronunciation: meh-KOH-nee-um as-pih-RAY-shun SIN-drome
Respiratory condition occurring when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, potentially causing severe lung complications.
Full Definition
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs when a fetus or newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid into the lungs before, during, or after birth. Meconium passage in utero may indicate fetal distress, and when aspirated, can cause mechanical obstruction of airways, chemical pneumonitis, and surfactant dysfunction. The condition can lead to severe respiratory distress, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and requires intensive respiratory support. Risk factors include post-term pregnancy, fetal hypoxia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Treatment focuses on respiratory support, including mechanical ventilation and sometimes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe cases.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as MAS after first mention in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The newborn developed meconium aspiration syndrome requiring immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation." — NICU admission note
- "Thick meconium in the amniotic fluid increased the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome at delivery." — Obstetric delivery note