RDS
Also written as: RDS — Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A breathing disorder primarily affecting premature newborns caused by insufficient production of surfactant in the lungs, leading to collapsed alveoli and respiratory distress.
Full Definition
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a common respiratory disorder affecting premature infants, particularly those born before 34 weeks of gestation. The condition results from insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse during expiration. Without adequate surfactant, the alveoli collapse, leading to impaired gas exchange, hypoxemia, and carbon dioxide retention. Treatment includes surfactant replacement therapy, respiratory support, and supportive care. The incidence and severity of RDS are inversely related to gestational age at birth.
Usage
Usage note: In neonatology, RDS specifically refers to surfactant deficiency, not other respiratory conditions.
In Context
- "The 28-week preterm infant developed severe RDS requiring intubation and surfactant administration." — NICU admission note
- "Antenatal corticosteroids significantly reduce the incidence and severity of RDS in preterm births." — Obstetric consultation