episiotomy
Pronunciation: ih-pee-zee-OT-uh-mee
Surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening and facilitate delivery.
Full Definition
An episiotomy is a deliberate surgical cut made in the perineum (area between the vagina and anus) during the second stage of labor to widen the vaginal opening. This procedure was once routine but is now performed selectively based on specific indications such as fetal distress, instrumental delivery, or to prevent severe perineal tears. There are two main types: median (midline) and mediolateral episiotomies, each with distinct advantages and complications. Current evidence suggests routine episiotomy does not improve outcomes and may increase healing time and complications compared to natural tears.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from spontaneous perineal tears, which are natural tissue separations during delivery.
In Context
- "A mediolateral episiotomy was performed to facilitate vacuum-assisted delivery." — Delivery note
- "The episiotomy was repaired in layers using absorbable sutures." — Postpartum documentation