subgaleal hemorrhage
Pronunciation: sub-GAY-lee-al
Bleeding into the potential space between the skull periosteum and scalp aponeurosis, a serious birth injury.
Full Definition
Subgaleal hemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening birth injury involving bleeding into the subgaleal space, which lies between the periosteum of the skull and the scalp aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica). This large potential space can accommodate significant blood loss, as it extends from the orbital ridges to the nape of the neck. The hemorrhage typically presents as a boggy, fluctuant scalp swelling that can shift with head position and may expand rapidly after birth. It is most commonly associated with vacuum-assisted delivery but can occur with forceps delivery or even spontaneous delivery. The condition can lead to severe anemia, shock, and death if not recognized and treated promptly with blood transfusion and supportive care.
Usage
Usage note: More serious than cephalohematoma due to the potential for massive blood loss.
In Context
- "The fluctuant scalp swelling that shifted with positioning raised concern for subgaleal hemorrhage." — Emergency neonatal assessment
- "Following vacuum delivery, the infant developed a progressive subgaleal hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion." — NICU admission note