surfactant deficiency
Inadequate production of pulmonary surfactant in premature infants, leading to respiratory distress syndrome.
Full Definition
Surfactant deficiency occurs when the fetal lungs have not yet developed the ability to produce sufficient surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse. This condition primarily affects premature infants born before 34-36 weeks gestation. Without adequate surfactant, the lungs cannot expand properly, leading to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Treatment involves exogenous surfactant administration directly into the lungs, along with mechanical ventilation support. Antenatal corticosteroids given to the mother can help accelerate fetal lung maturity and surfactant production.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as RDS in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The 28-week preterm infant developed severe respiratory distress due to surfactant deficiency." — NICU admission note
- "Exogenous surfactant was administered to treat the surfactant deficiency in this premature neonate." — Treatment plan