umbilical cord prolapse
Obstetric emergency where the umbilical cord descends through the cervix ahead of the presenting fetal part.
Full Definition
Umbilical cord prolapse is a rare but serious obstetric emergency occurring when the umbilical cord descends through the cervix alongside or ahead of the presenting fetal part after rupture of membranes. This complication can result in cord compression between the fetal presenting part and maternal pelvis, leading to fetal hypoxia and potential death if not immediately managed. Risk factors include breech presentation, transverse lie, polyhydramnios, preterm labor, and multiple gestation. Overt prolapse (cord visible beyond the vulva) requires immediate recognition and emergency cesarean delivery, while occult prolapse may present with sudden fetal heart rate abnormalities. Management includes elevating the presenting part to relieve cord compression while preparing for emergency delivery.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between overt prolapse (visible) and occult prolapse (not visible but causing compression).
In Context
- "Umbilical cord prolapse was diagnosed immediately after artificial rupture of membranes, necessitating emergency cesarean section." — Emergency delivery report
- "The knee-chest position was maintained to relieve cord compression until surgical delivery." — Labor and delivery emergency protocol