vacuum extraction
Operative vaginal delivery technique using suction cup applied to fetal head to assist with delivery.
Full Definition
Vacuum extraction is an operative vaginal delivery method where a suction cup is placed on the fetal head to assist with delivery during the second stage of labor. The vacuum extractor creates negative pressure to maintain attachment to the fetal scalp while the operator applies traction in coordination with maternal pushing efforts and uterine contractions. Indications include prolonged second stage, fetal distress, or maternal exhaustion. Prerequisites include full cervical dilation, ruptured membranes, engaged fetal head, and known fetal position. The procedure carries risks including scalp lacerations, cephalohematoma, subgaleal hemorrhage, and maternal perineal trauma. Cup placement should be over the flexion point for optimal results, and the number of cup detachments and duration of application should be limited.
Usage
Usage note: Also known as ventouse, particularly in British medical terminology.
In Context
- "Vacuum extraction was performed for fetal distress in the second stage of labor." — Operative delivery note
- "The vacuum extractor was applied over the flexion point with successful delivery after two pulls." — Procedure documentation