Spasticity
Pronunciation: spas-TIS-ih-tee
A velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone resulting from an upper motor neuron lesion, commonly addressed in rehabilitation through therapy and pharmacological intervention.
Full Definition
Spasticity is a motor disorder characterised by a tonic stretch reflex that is hyper-excitable, leading to involuntary muscle stiffness and resistance to passive movement. It arises from damage to the upper motor neuron pathways in the brain or spinal cord, and is commonly seen following stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, or multiple sclerosis. In rehabilitation documents, spasticity is distinct from rigidity and contracture, and editors must not conflate these terms. Clinical notes may reference spasticity management strategies including botulinum toxin injections, baclofen, or stretching programs.
Usage
Usage note: Do not conflate with 'rigidity' (a feature of Parkinson's disease with different underlying mechanisms) or 'contracture' (a fixed shortening of soft tissue). Each term describes a distinct clinical phenomenon.
In Context
- "Spasticity in the left lower extremity was managed with intrathecal baclofen therapy." — Neurology rehabilitation case note
- "The physical therapist documented increased spasticity following the reduction in the patient's antispasmodic medication." — Physical therapy progress note