neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Also written as: NMS — Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Rare but potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic medications characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and altered consciousness.
Full Definition
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurological emergency that can occur with any antipsychotic medication, though it's more common with high-potency typical antipsychotics. The classic tetrad of symptoms includes hyperthermia, lead-pipe muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability. Laboratory findings often show elevated creatine kinase, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis. Risk factors include dehydration, physical exhaustion, and rapid dose escalation. Treatment involves immediate discontinuation of antipsychotics, aggressive cooling measures, and supportive care. Dantrolene and bromocriptine may be used in severe cases.
Usage
Usage note: Use full term in formal documentation; NMS acceptable in clinical notes.
In Context
- "The patient's fever and rigidity raised suspicion for neuroleptic malignant syndrome." — emergency assessment
- "All staff must be trained to recognize early signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome." — safety protocol