oculogyric crisis
Pronunciation: OCK-yoo-low-JY-rik
Acute dystonic reaction characterized by involuntary upward deviation of the eyes, typically caused by antipsychotic medications.
Full Definition
Oculogyric crisis is a specific type of acute dystonic reaction involving sustained, involuntary upward deviation of both eyes, often accompanied by neck extension and facial grimacing. This dramatic adverse effect most commonly occurs with dopamine receptor antagonists, particularly high-potency first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol or fluphenazine. The reaction typically develops within hours to days of medication initiation or dose increase and can be extremely distressing for patients. Episodes may last minutes to hours if untreated and often recur until the causative medication is addressed. Oculogyric crisis responds rapidly to anticholinergic agents like benztropine or diphenhydramine. The condition can also occur with antiemetic medications that block dopamine receptors, such as metoclopramide or prochlorperazine.
Usage
Usage note: Always spell as two words; not 'oculagyric' or other variants commonly seen in transcription errors.
In Context
- "The emergency physician immediately recognized the oculogyric crisis and administered intravenous benztropine." — Emergency department note
- "Oculogyric crisis typically occurs within the first few days of antipsychotic treatment initiation." — Medical education material