azoospermia
Pronunciation: ay-zo-oh-SPUR-mee-ah
The complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate, classified as either obstructive or non-obstructive.
Full Definition
Azoospermia is a severe form of male infertility characterized by the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate, affecting approximately 1% of men and 10-15% of infertile males. The condition is classified into two main types: obstructive azoospermia (OA), where sperm production is normal but transport is blocked, and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), where sperm production is impaired or absent. Obstructive causes include congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, ejaculatory duct obstruction, or post-surgical complications. Non-obstructive causes include genetic disorders, hormonal deficiencies, or testicular damage. Diagnosis requires multiple semen analyses and may involve hormonal testing, genetic analysis, and testicular biopsy.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from oligozoospermia (low sperm count) and aspermia (absence of semen).
In Context
- "The patient was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia secondary to congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens." — Clinical assessment report
- "Non-obstructive azoospermia may still allow for sperm retrieval through testicular sperm extraction procedures." — Surgical consultation notes