ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy that develops outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Full Definition
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized embryo implants outside the normal uterine cavity, with approximately 95% occurring in the fallopian tubes (tubal pregnancy). Other less common sites include the ovary, cervix, abdominal cavity, or cesarean scar. This condition represents a medical emergency as it can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage if the ectopic mass ruptures. Risk factors include previous ectopic pregnancy, tubal damage from infections or surgery, endometriosis, and assisted reproductive technology procedures. Diagnosis typically involves serial beta-hCG measurements and transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment options include expectant management for early cases with declining hCG levels, medical management with methotrexate, or surgical intervention via laparoscopy or laparotomy in cases of rupture or treatment failure.
Usage
Usage note: Most commonly tubal; distinguish from miscarriage or other causes of early pregnancy bleeding.
In Context
- "Transvaginal ultrasound confirmed a right tubal ectopic pregnancy with no evidence of rupture." — Emergency department report
- "The patient's rising beta-hCG levels without visible intrauterine pregnancy raised suspicion for ectopic pregnancy." — Clinical assessment notes